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开发环境搭建

这是我的系统配置参数:
参数名参数值
OSMac 10.13

 Flutter开发环境用于开发(废话),它是由4个部分组成的。java环境， android studio的环境,xcode编辑器和flutter的SDK。 首先开发flutter当然需要flutter的官方SDK才能配置flutter环境。但flutter代码的开发和调试需要android或ios的模拟器或真机，这个 直接调试的能力或真机或模拟都是由android studio或xcode提供支持的。而androi studio是又是依赖于java。
综上。凑齐flutter的SDK, java, android studio和xcode，开发环境就成了。

先安装flutter的SDK​

这是下载穿梭门,根据自己的情况下载自己系统对应的版本。下载后直接解压并打开。打开后的目录 下载的版本是flutter_macos_2.2.1-stable大概是这样的:

.
├── AUTHORS
├── CODEOWNERS
├── CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
├── CONTRIBUTING.md
├── LICENSE
├── PATENT_GRANT
├── README.md
├── SECURITY.md
├── analysis_options.yaml
├── bin
│   ├── cache
│   ├── dart
│   ├── dart.bat
│   ├── flutter
│   ├── flutter.bat
│   └── internal
├── dartdoc_options.yaml
├── dev
...

 见着没?在bin目录下在flutter和dart这2个文件就是flutter和dart的启动文件了。只要把这个目录加入环境变量中，让flutter和dart 这个2个启动文件能直接在命令行中直接这一步就算完成了。类unix的系统比如mac或linux，则 使用的是bash则在~/.bashrc中加入,如:

$ echo PATH=$PAHT:flutter目录/bin >> ~/.bashrc // 使用的是bash则，环境变量加入个人配置文件名为.bashrc
$ source ~/.bahsrc // 重新加载个人配置使新的环境变量生效
// 或zsh的则
$ echo PATH=$PAHT:flutter目录/bin >> ~/.zshrc // 使用的是zsh则，环境变量加入个人配置文件名为.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc // 重新加载个人配置使新的环境变量生效

 最后在命令行中输入flutter，出现以下输出:

$ flutter
Manage your Flutter app development.

Common commands:

  flutter create <output directory>
    Create a new Flutter project in the specified directory.

  flutter run [options]
    Run your Flutter application on an attached device or in an emulator.

Usage: flutter <command> [arguments]

Global options:
-h, --help                  Print this usage information.
-v, --verbose               Noisy logging, including all shell commands executed.
                            If used with "--help", shows hidden options. If used with "flutter doctor", shows additional
                            diagnostic information. (Use "-vv" to force verbose logging in those cases.)
-d, --device-id             Target device id or name (prefixes allowed).
    --version               Reports the version of this tool.
    --suppress-analytics    Suppress analytics reporting when this command runs.

Available commands:
  analyze           Analyze the project's Dart code.
  assemble          Assemble and build Flutter resources.
  attach            Attach to a running app.
  bash-completion   Output command line shell completion setup scripts.
  build             Build an executable app or install bundle.
  channel           List or switch Flutter channels.
  clean             Delete the build/ and .dart_tool/ directories.
  config            Configure Flutter settings.
  create            Create a new Flutter project.
  devices           List all connected devices.
  doctor            Show information about the installed tooling.
  downgrade         Downgrade Flutter to the last active version for the current channel.
  drive             Run integration tests for the project on an attached device or emulator.
  emulators         List, launch and create emulators.
  format            Format one or more Dart files.
  gen-l10n          Generate localizations for the current project.
  install           Install a Flutter app on an attached device.
  logs              Show log output for running Flutter apps.
  precache          Populate the Flutter tool's cache of binary artifacts.
  pub               Commands for managing Flutter packages.
  run               Run your Flutter app on an attached device.
  screenshot        Take a screenshot from a connected device.
  symbolize         Symbolize a stack trace from an AOT-compiled Flutter app.
  test              Run Flutter unit tests for the current project.
  upgrade           Upgrade your copy of Flutter.

Run "flutter help <command>" for more information about a command.
Run "flutter help -v" for verbose help output, including less commonly used options.

  这样flutter的SDK安装的这一步就算完成了。 下一步接着安装java和android studio

安装java SDK 和 android statio​

  为什么要安装这个呢?flutter在android环境下调试需要android stutio而它又依赖java的jDK,所以2个都要安装.
java下载穿越门
android stutio 下载穿越门 安装完后呢，如果要把android studio作为编辑器来用，还要安装下flutter插件; 在 perference > pluging 搜索flutter并安装。
回头打开新的终端，输入:

$ java // 有相关提示说明java开发环境可以了
Usage: java [options] <mainclass> [args...]
           (to execute a class)
   or  java [options] -jar <jarfile> [args...]
           (to execute a jar file)
   or  java [options] -m <module>[/<mainclass>] [args...]
       java [options] --module <module>[/<mainclas
       ...
$ flutter doctor // 检验flutter 是否能正常工作
flutter doctor
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 2.2.1, on Mac OS X 10.13.6 17G14033 darwin-x64, locale en-CN)
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 30.0.3)
[✗] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS
    ✗ Xcode installation is incomplete; a full installation is necessary for iOS development.
      Download at: https://developer.apple.com/xcode/download/
      Or install Xcode via the App Store.
      Once installed, run:
        sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
        sudo xcodebuild -runFirstLaunch
    ✗ CocoaPods not installed.
        CocoaPods is used to retrieve the iOS and macOS platform side's plugin code that responds to your plugin usage on the Dart side.
        Without CocoaPods, plugins will not work on iOS or macOS.
        For more info, see https://flutter.dev/platform-plugins
      To install see https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html#installation for instructions.
[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
[✓] Android Studio (version 4.2)
[✓] Connected device (1 available)

! Doctor found issues in 1 category.

  以上的提示说明了flutter的android的开发环境完成了。而xcode就是flutter的ios开发调试环境还需要安装xcode才行。

安装flutter的xcode开发环境​

 这个很简单，直接在商店搜索xcode安装就行